Emeute à Kunming 昆明 dans le Yunnan 雲南 – mars 2010
Dozens injured in wild street brawl
China Daily
2010-03-29 07:44
KUNMING – Dozens of people were injured and 10 vehicles were overturned during a wild brawl between urban management officers and hundreds of residents in Kunming, capital of Southwest China’s Yunnan province.
A total of 40 people suspected of involvement in the brawl have been detained for investigation, a police officer surnamed Li said.
According to officials, the conflict began after an urban management team discovered some street vendors doing business without permission in the city’s Wuhua district at about 20:15 pm on Friday. The officers attempted to fine the vendors and close the businesses.
However, Yang Shengxiu, 56, one of the street vendors, refused to accept the punishment and when officers seized her tricycle, she fell down to the ground and tried to wrestle it back, Li Yingjie, deputy director of Wuhua district, said at a press conference on Saturday.
An angry crowd began to gather on the street after a rumor spread among local businesses that the officers had killed Yang Shengxiu, the deputy director said.
Li said urban management officers reported the incident to police at 20:35 pm and called emergency 120 for Yang.
The crowd of residents then started to attack the urban management officers and police. Nine urban management vehicles and a police car were overturned. The windows of three police cars were broken. Nine urban management officials as well as four police were injured, according to Li.
Police seized 40 people accused of conducting « attacks and arson », Li said. Order was restored at 2 am on Saturday.
Kunming clash reveals society’s woes
chinadaily.com.cn
2010-03-29
The latest clash over the weekend between peddlers and city management officers in Kunming, Yunnan province, serves as another reminder of the depths of public anger at social injustice despite repeated pledges by the central government to build a harmonious society.
Like many of the so called mass events, it was caused by a seemingly insignificant event. This time the rumor had it that an old street vendor was beaten to death by city management officers, or chengguan. It was enough to set Kunming or the “city of spring” on fire.
Don’t blame the public for being fallible. For years chengguan has been famous, or infamous, for their rude and violent way of imposing order. But in a deeper sense, we have to admit that something has gone terribly wrong with our society.
The list of public ire has been expanding in recent years, from rising housing prices to worsening pollution, from widening wealth gap to forced relocation in property development. A sense of dislocation permeates the vulnerable groups that include farmers, migrant workers as well as the laid-off and city poor, who have been excluded from enjoying the material prosperity that has come with the nation’s rapid economic growth. This, in addition to mismanagement and dysfunction of some local governments, could any time erupt into destructive force that destabilizes our society.
Sadly many of local officials have turned a blind eye toward the social woes and are only enthusiastic of working in pursuit of their career advancement.
For example, the local government in Kunming has, for the past year, been pushing ahead with a campaign to dismantle all metal anti-burglar cages outside apartment windows despite widespread public opposition. Their wish to build Kunming a city without any unsightly scenes is understandable, but the forceful way the officials have carried out this plan smacks of disrespect of people’s rights and random use of state power. Many say they should have made more efforts to improve the ecology of the Dianchi lake in the suburbs that remains foul-smelling despite of billions of yuan of input of tax payers’ money.
Premier Wen Jiabao has repeatedly said that government must work to “let people live with more dignity”. The latest event in Kunming reminds us there is still a long way to go before we could achieve that goal.
Kunming residents clash with chengguan officers
gokunming.com
The already poor image of Kunming’s chengguan has been further tarnished after a clash between the city management officers and Wuhua district residents last Friday.
The confrontation culminated in a small mob overturning and setting fire to law enforcement vehicles after an altercation between chengguan and a street vendor.
The incident began shortly after 8pm when Wuhua district chengguan officers approached a group of four unlicensed street vendors outside the Beicang Cun farmer’s market on Hongyun Lu.
One of the vendors, a 56-year-old woman from Zhaotong named Yang Shengxiu, refused to pay a fine and the officers attempted to impound her three-wheeled cart, from which she was selling fried potatoes.
While contradictory accounts of what happened next have appeared in local media, the cart apparently ended up overturned with Yang lying injured and possibly unconscious on the ground.
As police, medical personnel, and other chengguan officers responded to the scene a crowd gathered and people began to shout that the chengguan had killed someone, according to Li Yingjie, a spokesman for the Wuhua district government.
The crowd then turned violent, overturning nine chengguan vehicles and lighting fire to three. Members of the crowd also overturned one police car and damaged three others.
Nine chengguan officers, four police officers, and an unknown number of civilians were injured before order was restored by around 2am. Police detained 40 people for alleged involvement in the turmoil.
Chengguan officers are charged with enforcing a wide range of municipal regulations and are a frequent source of ire in cities across China, where they have a reputation for being heavy-handed.
In two recent high profile cases a man was beaten and left in a bloody heap on Nanping Jie last August, and another man died after being beaten last October. Both incidents were believed to have been carried out by chengguan officers.
Minor explosions. The simmering anger of urban China
The Economist
Mar 31st 2010
ALTERCATIONS between unlicensed street vendors and law-enforcement officers are commonplace in China. Sometimes they escalate into scuffles or riots. But a night-time rampage by hundreds of citizens in the southern city of Kunming, capital of Yunnan province, on March 26th-27th has aroused fresh concerns about a malaise in Chinese cities.
The violence in Kunming reportedly left dozens injured. Ten government vehicles were overturned and some set on fire by crowds enraged by rumours that a vendor had been killed by an officer of Kunming’s “City Administration and Law Enforcement Bureau”. This agency, commonly known by its Chinese abbreviation chengguan, is a junior cousin to the police force. It is responsible for matters such as clearing the streets of illegal pedlars and supervising house demolitions. Chengguan officers are renowned for their thuggish, fine-gouging ways.
The vendor, as it turned out, had not been killed. But the rioters could be forgiven for assuming the worst. In the past couple of years even some state-controlled newspapers have made common cause with critics of chengguan activities across the country. In January 2008 a man in the central province of Hubei was beaten to death when he attempted to film officers trying to stop a protest by villagers against a dump for urban waste. “Another citizen has fallen. When will we stand up and restrain the chengguan system?” wrote a newspaper columnist at the time.
The Chinese press has reported others having fallen to the chengguan since: a pedlar left severely brain-damaged after a mauling in Shanghai last July; a man beaten to death in Beijing in October after being accused of illegally using his motorcycle as a taxi. One case prompted a letter to China’s legislature. A woman in the province of Sichuan died last November after setting herself on fire in protest when officers burst into her home to enforce a demolition order. In response, a group of Beijing law professors wrote proposing tighter controls on demolition procedures.
Protests triggered by chengguan brutality have rattled the authorities, hypersensitive as they are to any urban unrest that might turn against the government. Last May hundreds of university students protested in the eastern city of Nanjing against the alleged beating of a classmate. The following month police rescued several chengguan who were captured by rioters in a town in the southern province of Guangdong. In Kunming last October protesters put the corpse of a pedicab-driver, who had allegedly been killed by chengguan, on a gurney and wheeled it to a chengguan office where they burned paper as a traditional funeral offering (the authorities said he had died naturally). That same month a Shanghai man became famous when he chopped off part of a finger in protest at what he said was an attempt to frame him as an illegal taxi- driver.
The latest flare-up in Kunming has also attracted considerable press attention. One newspaper website described the eruption as symptomatic of public resentment against local officialdom that could blow up like “a bomb at any time”. Another newspaper attacked the Kunming authorities for releasing only bare details and not taking questions at a press briefing on the incident. A third suggested the official version of events, that the vendor had simply fallen over, might be a “lie” (a word even used in the headline). It quoted witnesses saying an officer had pushed over her pedicab, pinning the woman under it. A gas canister had then rolled on top of her, knocking her unconscious.
In recent weeks, a speech on social unrest by a prominent Chinese scholar, Yu Jianrong, has been widely circulated on the internet in China. In it Mr Yu describes the emergence in recent years of a new type of social unrest, which he calls “venting incidents”: brief, unorganised outbursts of public rage against the authorities or the wealthy. China’s efforts to enforce “rigid stability”, he argues, were not sustainable and could result in “massive social catastrophe”. Even government officials, he notes, are giving warning in private of worse to come.
城管和民众中间的第三方不应缺席
南方日報
2010-03-29
南方都市报 网友评论 5 条
3月26日夜间至27日凌晨，昆明市五华区城管部门在执法中与违法占道经营者发 生纠纷，引发群众围观并发生冲突，导致10多人受伤，多辆汽车损坏。公安机关依法强行处置，将现场涉嫌“打、砸、烧”的40人带离现场进行盘问。
新闻好像是旧闻，关于城管与摊贩乃至民众发生纠纷引爆冲突的事件，我们已经感觉 疲劳。这种感觉所传递的，从根本上说是一种无奈：暴力为正常社会所不容，但我们却仿佛找不到阻遏的办法。
如何化解城管执法者与相对人之间的这种紧张，专家学者早已贡献了很多意见。反思 此次昆明事件，我们可以尝试换一种思路：如果在城管执法者和相对人之间，有一个平衡而中立的第三方，是否有利于大大缓解二者的紧张？如果在冲突之后，同样 由平衡而中立的第三方出来主持调查、公布真相，再经由法律渠道依法处理，会不会减少长期暴力对抗而蓄积的戾气？
这个思路一点儿也不新鲜，但其变成现实似乎难度不小。由当地政府发出的新闻通报 中，事件的过程是这样的：摊贩占道经营，城管正常执法，50多岁的摊主杨胜秀“在拉扯中倒地”，不明真相的群众围观，引发冲突，执法者保持克制。而据媒体 采访多位目击证人，却是细节迥然有异的另一幅图景：城管要对占道经营的杨胜秀罚款，杨交不出钱欲离开，一名体形偏胖的城管上前就将她的三轮车推了个四轮朝 天。毫无防备的她倒在地上，翻过来的三轮车压住了她，从三轮车中滚出来的液化气罐砸在她的头部，致其昏迷。围观群众要求城管把老人送到医院，可城管上车就 要走人，群众围住了城管的车子。城管一直不愿意送老人去医院，后来才发生了砸车和把车子掀翻的事情。
处理任何一起公众关注的事件，弄清真相是第一要务。但从现在的情况看，昆明的这 起事件，很可能在众说纷纭中继续迷离。即使是在昆明，这也是有先例的。搜索一下就会发现，以往昆明城管与民众的这种冲突，不论闹到什么地步，最后居然都罕 有一个公正、独立、具有公信力的调查结果。于是，哪怕是出了人命，一方面仍然是城管一方坚称的“正常执法”、“文明执法”，另一方面则是民间积累的对城管 的愤怒。可以想象，这时候如果有一个平衡、中立的第三方，而且具有足够的权威，由它来进行独立的调查、仲裁和处理，又何至于两方非迎头相撞不可呢？
我们认为，这个第三方，在冲突初起时，第一时间站出来的就应该是公安机关。面对 城管执法者，抗拒执法应受制裁，这种制裁如果到了需使用暴力不可的地步，也只有公安机关才具备这种权力；但如果城管执法者公然对相对人使用暴力，这显然已 不再是履行职务而导致的职务行为，其身份业已蜕变，转而成为了公安机关依据《治安处罚法》应该约束的对象。但这只是理论分析，现实生活中，遭遇暴力抗法的 城管很容易受到警方保护，而摊贩在被城管追打中又有几人想起了报警？公安机关在这里为什么很少运用其依法处置的权力，值得深思。
在冲突爆发之后，第三方的角色理应由政府承担，然而正如我们看到的，许多类似事 件的善后处理，让政府客观、权威的形象受到了影响。这本来是不应该的，作为政府，城管是自己的一个部门，城管执法的相对人是自己权力的授予者，摆正自己的 仲裁位置，并不是一件难事。
政府要当好第三方，必须借助媒体，只有媒体全面而客观的报道，才能让真相昭然若 揭。遗憾的是，本次事件中，前去采访的一位记者受到了棍击，虽然真相还不明朗，但可以认定，它对媒体帮助政府这个第三方独立调查真相是不利的。
从以往经验看，类似昆明的事件发生后，少有独立调查至少结下了两个恶果。一是无 助于遏制部分城管执法者的暴力倾向，“惹出事端，自己也是安抚的对象”，这成为该群体普遍的心理，否则难以解释接受人民授权、靠纳税人养活的城管，在一个 50多岁的女性面前会如此暴虐；二是不经独立调查，事后一些含混、模糊的定性词语，难以平定躁动的人心。
在现有权力结构中，城管和民众中间不缺第三方，现在的问题是激活它，让其真正发 挥作用。这也许才是终止“以暴易暴”的正解。
昆明城管小贩冲突事件 官方称又一场暴力抗法？（组图）
http://www.ccvic.com
2010-03-28
近日，昆明城管在执法中与小贩发生纠纷，引发群众围观并发生冲突，导致10多人受 伤，多辆汽车损坏。据悉，昆明城管与小贩发生冲突造成小贩受伤，官方通报称昆明城管执法期间小贩与之发生冲突暴力抗法，相关人员目前已被拘留。这难道又是 一场城管严格执法，小贩暴力抗法事件？
核心提示：近日，昆明城管在执法中与小贩发生纠纷，引发群众围观并发生冲突，导致10多人受伤，多辆汽车损坏。 据悉，昆明城管与小贩发生冲突造成小贩受伤，官方通报称昆明城管执法期间小贩与之发生冲突暴力抗法，相关人员目前已被拘留。这难道又是一场城管严格执法， 小贩暴力抗法事件？
事件始末：
昆明城管与小贩发生激烈冲突
26日晚，昆明城管与小贩发生冲突。“不能让他们走!”随后，大量石块便飞向城管队员。一群人冲过来试图拦截城管队员离开，接着，几名身着制服的人 转身与一中年男子发生冲突，现场顿时一片混乱。不时有石块、砖块从人群中飞出，砸在微型货车上，民众传言“城管打死人”导致了大范围冲突事件发生。 >>> 全部新闻
各方说法：
官方：抗法小贩与执法城管冲突
官方通报，处置过程中公安机关对围堵人员多次劝导，并用法制宣传车进行宣传，要求现场围堵人员和围观人员离开，经近半小时的劝导宣传，围堵人员仍拒 绝离开；现场民警及城管队员一直保持克制和忍让。现场围堵人员向民警和城管队员投掷大量石块，并冲击执勤民警，致使现场交通及治安秩序混乱。 >>> 全部新闻
民众：昆明城管冲突中打死了人
昨晚7时许城管在执法时导致一名老人受伤，但在民众的传言中，变成了“城管打死人”，于是导致了大范围冲突事件发生。一辆警车不停地在广播中向围观 者喊话，让他们离开现场。次日凌晨1时40分许，记者在现场看到，数十人戴着手铐，被警察从巷子里押出来，20来名身穿制服的执法队员也撤离了现场。 >>> 全部新闻
Informations
Kunming ( 昆明 ), anciennement Yunnanfu, est la capitale de la province du Yunnan, en République populaire de Chine. La ville est située dans l’angle septentrional du lac Dian. Sa superficie est de 21 501 km² et sa population était d’environ 4,95 millions d’habitants à la fin de 2002. En raison de son climat tempéré tout au long de l’année, Kunming est souvent appelée la « Ville du printemps éternel » (春城).
City Urban Administrative and Law Enforcement Bureau, or Chengguan城管, local government agency in the People’s Republic of China
anthropologie du présent 