Nanchang octobre 2006
Un campus en révolte pour de faux diplômes
En juin 2006 déjà des violences étudiantes inportantes avaient secoué le Shengda College dans le centre de la Chine, faisant l’objet d’un billet sur ce blog.
Les violences de cette semaine, à Nanchang, capitale de la province relativement sous développée de Jiangxi, reflètent les troubles croissants parmi les étudiants mis sous pression par les frais d’études en forte hausse, et la corruption qui règne parmi les cadres des universités qui voient dans l’éducation un moyen de faire de l’argent rapidement.
Pas moins de 10.000 étudiants du Jiangxi Clothing Vocational College ont défilé dans leur campus le 23.10.2006 après que les médias d’état aient rapporté que le collège aurait trompé les nouveaux étudiants sur leur éventuelle qualification, et aurait émis de faux diplômes.
Les étudiants ont déclaré ne pas être responsables du vandalisme des salles de classes et du saccage des ordinateurs. Ils ont dit que des hooligans de la ville avaient profité du chaos pour piller. La police affirme pourtant que ce sont les étudiants qui se sont engagés dans le vandalisme et le pillage. Un officier a déclaré que les forces antiémeutes avaient été déployées pour restaurer l’ordre.
La télévision d’état a diffusé une longue investigation sur la manière le collège privé avait recruté 20.000 étudiants au cours des trois dernières années, dépassant ainsi largement les quotas autorisés, en leur promettant des diplômes que le collège n’était pas autorisé à décerner.
Les manifestations étudiantes de Nanchang sont les plus importantes depuis juin 2006, quand 10.000 étudiants ont saccagé un collège affilié à l’Université de Zhengzhou dans la capitale de la province centrale de Henan après que le collège ait émis des diplôme ne portant pas le nom de la prestigieuse université, comme promis par ses dirigeants.
Les collèges privés se sont multipliés en Chine au cours des dix dernières années pour accueillir ceux qui ont échoué aux examens d’entrée très difficile des universités d’état. Mais les collèges privés sont mal contrôlés et très « commerciaux », et leurs standards d’éducation en chute, rend difficile l’emploi des étudiants.
Au moins six désordres de campus ont eut lieu au cours de cette année, rappelant les semaines de mécontentement et de chaos politique qui ont précédé les évènements sanglants de la place Tienanmen.
Zhou Yongkang, le ministre de la sécurité publique a appelé, le 25.10.2006, le gouvernemnt à renforcer le contrôle de la société Chinoise de plus en plus diverse, alors que la croissance économique engendre des mécontentements chez les citoyens qui une part plus grande du bien-être et des opportunités.
The Jiangxi Student Demonstrations
October 24, 2006.
Student recruitment is just like pyramid-scheme sales. Many higher educational institutes tell the reporter that they and their fellow students were tricked into coming to school, and they were encouraged to engage in recruitment drives for pay. Is what the students say true? What kind of school is that?
« We are telling you all this in anger. We hope that you understand how we feel at this moment. We came from all over the country with the same admission letter which states: a four-year undergraduate program. We arrived at the school, we paid the tuition fees and we discovered that the undergraduate program does not exist. We don’t even know whether we will get any legal diploma. »
This is a letter from a current university student to the reporter. He wrote in the letter that he had already studied two years in university, but he still does not know what his status is.
« More than 18,000 students were deceived. We don’t know what our future will be. »
This student said that he is attending the Jiangxi Clothing Vocational School. Is his claim true?
Proceeding south from Jiangxi‘s capital Nancheng, there is a sign that reads: « Chinese Special University » directing the reporter to the Jiangxi Clothing Vocational School in rural Nancheng. This European-style campus looks very impressive. The reporter found the student Lin who wrote him.
Lin: My family thinks that I am in an undergraduate program. Actually, we have no idea what our status is.
When the student Han heard that a reporter was here, he came and insisted that he conduct an open interview with us.
Han: I want more people to learn the truth and not be deceived.
Reporter: You received an undergraduate admission letter?
Han: Yes.
The reporter went to the Jiangxi province Ministry of Education website and found out that the Jiangxi Clothing Vocational School is a private vocational school which is not qualified to issue an undergraduate diploma. Lin said that he found that out only after he arrived at the school.
After further research, we found out that the Jiangxi Clothing Vocational School not only had no authorization to issue undergraduate diplomas, but it only received authorization to recruit students in 2003. Between 2003 and 2005, the Ministry of Education gave permission to the school to admit 4,350 students. Yet there are as many as 18,000 students at school right now. In other words, more than 10,000 students are not covered in the plan. According to the regulations, the student recruitment plan is tied in with the diplomas that the students can receive. Therefore Han is worried about whether he will even receive a vocation school diploma.
Han said that there are plenty of students who are unsure of their status at school.
The reporter went to the Jiangxi province Ministry of Education and learned that the only way for students not in the plan to receive a nationally recognized vocational diploma is through achievement testing.
Reporter: For these students that were recruited outside of the plan, you are basically just organizing them to study.
Zeng Xueyan (Jiangxi Clothing Vocational School Student Affairs Director): Yes.
Reporter: Those who are outside the plan and failed the achievement test will ultimately receive what?
Zeng: We will issue a certificate of academic achievement to them.
Reporter: What does the certificate of academic achievement prove?
Zeng: It proves that he studied for three years with passing grades.
From the Student Affairs Office, we learned that about half of the more than 2,000 students admitted in 2003 received only a certificate of academic achievement. Many of the current students did not know that. Han told us that in order to understand their status, they had gone on strike to force a reply, but there has not been a public answer yet.
So how does the school recruit students? Lin who wrote us had participated in student recruitment. He explained to us the details behind the scheme.
Lin: Recruitment works the same way as pyramid-scheme sales. The school is the headquarters. Underneath it are the division chiefs who are responsible for several proveniences. Underneath them are the provincial-level representatives under whom are many city- and county-level representatives.
Lin told us that the big increase in students the past two years is closely related to the recruitment method.
In order verify Lin’s claims, the reporter went to the recruitment office to say that he wanted to be a recruitment representative.
At the recruitment office hall, he saw various signs for different provinces. The reporter claimed to be able to represent the school in some place in Hebei, and he contacted a teacher named Wu who is in charge of Hebei province.
According to teacher Wu, there is already a recruitment network everywhere in Hebei and they don’t need more people. But she still took the reporter’s telephone number and promised to contact the reporter if the need should ever arise. So the reporter asked about the compensation.
Wu: That depends on the situation. It depends on your previous quota, your average performance and you reported results. The amount varies.
Reporter: What is the maximum?
Wu: The maximum is 1,000 RMB.
Reporter: Per student.
Wu: yes.
The current regulations from the Ministry of Education strictly forbid the use of middleman agencies to recruit students. Lin told me that apart from the network of representatives, many current students are involved in recruitment as well.
Lin: One person out of three is doing it. In my dormitory room, three out of the six persons are recruiting.
The student Wang Gang said that he recruited four people last year and received 3,200 RMB in compensation.
招生就像传销，这是很多高校学生在向记者反映情况的时候所说的话，他们说自己和同学被学校以欺骗的方式招来，并被鼓励参与同样的招生活动从中牟利。学生所说的情况属实吗？这是什么样的学校？记者展开调查。
骗局：特色大学招本科生
“我们怀着愤慨的心情向你们诉说，希望你们能理解我们此时此刻的心情。我们来自五湖四海，都是拿着同样的录取通知书来到这里，录取通知书上都注明：四年制(本科)。可来到学校，交了学费，才发现所谓的本科是子虚乌有，甚至现在能不能拿到一个合法的毕业证也不知道。”
这是一封在校大学生写给记者的信，他在信中反映，他已经读了两年大学，不知道现在自己的就读身份究竟是什么。
“被骗学生数目有一万八千余人。我们不知道我们的未来是什么？”
这名学生说他就读于江西服装职业技术学院，他反映的情况是真实的吗？
从江西省会南昌往南，顺着注有“中国特色大学”的路牌，指引记者找到了江西服装职业技术学院，学校建在南昌市郊。这座欧式建筑的学校看上去气派非凡，记者找到写信的学生小林。
学生：不明白就读身份
小林：家里都以为我们读的是本科，而实际上我们是一个连自己身份都不知道的人。
得知记者来采访，学生小韩找到我们，他坚持以公开面对镜头的方式接受我们的访问。
小韩：我想把事实的真相让更多人知道，不再上这个当。
记者：你收到的是一个本科录取通知书吗？
小韩：对。
记者登录江西省教育网，发现江西省服装职业技术学院是一所民办的高职院校，并不具备颁发本科学历的资格。而小林说，他们是在入学后才渐渐了解到这一情况的。
经过进一步了解，我们得知江西服装职业技术学院不仅不具备颁发本科文凭的资质，而且是2003年才获得统招专科资格。2003年到2005年 间，教育厅下达给该校的统招专科计划一共只有4350人，但目前的在校生人数达到18000人，也就是说有一万余名学生并不在招生计划之内。按照规定，高 校的招生计划直接和学生的毕业证挂钩，小韩甚至对自己能否获得一个专科文凭都产生了担忧。
小韩说，学校里不明白自己就读身份的学生大有人在。
学校：会证明学生学习过
记者从江西省教育厅了解到，计划外的学生即使是要获得国家承认的专科文凭，也只能通过成人或自学考试的途径。
记者：对于这些计划外招来的学生，你们基本上是在承担一个组织他们学习的功能。
曾学燕(江西服装职业技术学院教务处处长)：对。
记者：计划外招进来，但是又没有通过成考跟自考的，他们最终拿到的是什么学历？
曾学燕：我们拿一个学业证明给他们。
记者：学业证明，这是证明什么呢？
曾学燕：证明他学了三年，也成绩合格。
从学校教务处我们了解到，今年已经毕业的2000多名2003级学生中，约有一半的学生只拿到了结业证明。但这样的情况大量在校生并不知情，小韩告诉我们，为了搞清楚就读身份的问题，他们还曾经以拒绝上课的方式要求学校做出解释，但并没有获得公开的答复。
内幕：招生和传销模式一样
那么学校的招生究竟是如何操作的呢，给我们写信的小林曾经参与过学校的招生，他向我们讲述了学校的招生内幕。
小林：招生和传销其实模式都是一个样的，学校是一个总部，再次级的就是小组长，负责某几个省，往下的就是省级代理，这个省级代理又有好多市级的代理，县级的代理。
小林向我们介绍，这两年学生数量的大量增加和学校采取代理招生的方式密切相关。
为了印证小林的说法，记者以代理学校招生的名义到招生办进行暗访。
一进招生办的大厅，就看到工作台上摆放着写着不同省份的桌牌，记者以代理学校在河北某地招生的身份，联系上了一位负责河北地区招生的吴老师。
这位吴老师介绍，目前在河北各地的招生网络已经建立，不需要再找人代理。但她还是留了记者的电话，并表示今后如果有需要会通过河北的外勤与记者联系，那么，这样的代理招生能够有怎样的回报呢？
吴老师：是根据情况来定的，根据你前期提供的报名数量，根据你平时的成绩，根据你汇报的成绩，那这个金额也是不一样的。
记者：那最高多少？
吴老师：也就是最高1000吧。
记者：一个学生？
吴老师：对。
按照教育部门的有关规定，严禁中介机构代理招生。小林告诉我们除了代理网络之外，还有很多在校学生参与到了学校的招生中去。
小林：三个人里至少有一个人。我们宿舍里六个人，有三个人招生。
学生王刚告诉我们，去年他招收了4个学生，得到了3200元钱的报酬。
来源： 腾讯教育 编辑： 张庆玫
anthropologie du présent 